This is the Season for the Common Cold and Viruses

Symptoms of cold and viral infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract are relatively mild.  They include sneezing, fatigue, sore throat, and stuffy or runny nose - but not fever.  Symptoms of cold and viral infections usually last only a few days. About 200 different strains of virus can produce colds, they are spread by direct or indirect contact. The cold is the most common of all illnesses, the average person gets several colds every year.  Treatment involves rest, adequate fluid intake, and over-the-counter remedies for the symptoms. Antibiotics do not combat a virus but may be given if secondary infections develop.

Treatment

There are no medicines that will cure the common cold. Given time, the body's immune system makes antibodies to fight the infection, and the cold is resolved without any intervention. Antibiotics are useless against a cold. However, there are many products that have been developed by pharmaceutical companies in the United States to relieve cold symptoms. These products usually contain antihistamines, decongestants, and/or pain relievers. Prevention focuses on strengthening the immune system by eating a healthy diet low in sugars and high in fresh fruits and vegetables, practicing meditation or using other means to reduce stress, and getting regular moderate exercise.

Prevention

It is not possible to prevent colds because the viruses that cause colds are common and highly infectious. However, there are some steps individuals can take to reduce the spread of the common cold.  These include:

• washing hands well and frequently, especially after touching the nose or before handling food
• using instant hand sanitizers, which are antiseptics and not antibiotics
• covering the mouth and nose when sneezing
• disposing of used tissues properly
• avoiding close contact with someone who has a cold during the first two to four days of their infection
• not sharing food, eating utensils, or cups
• using paper towels rather than shared cloth towels
• avoiding crowded places where cold germs can spread
• eating a healthy diet and getting adequate sleep